AI’s Journey In Schools: From Chalkboards To Chatbots

ChatGPT swiftly caught global attention with its release to the public on 30 November 2022, marking a significant moment in the evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI). In the educational sector, the introduction of generative AI like ChatGPT has sparked diverse reactions among teachers and educators, from cautious scepticism to enthusiastic curiosity. This range of responses mirrors a wider societal ambivalence towards AI, where concerns about its disruptive potential are weighed against the recognition of its vast opportunities.

The successful integration of these technologies in education depends on a balanced approach, considering not only its potential to transform teaching and learning but also the ethical, practical and societal implications it entails.

What is Generative AI?

Generative AI is a specialised branch within the broader field of AI. Unlike conventional AI, which operates based on predefined rules and instructions, generative AI has the unique ability to generate new content autonomously. It achieves this by learning patterns and information from existing data and using that knowledge to create original content.

In essence, traditional AI is rule-based and executes tasks as programmed, whereas generative AI possesses the capability to produce new and creative output, making it well-suited for creative tasks and innovative problem-solving. Generative AI represents a facet of AI that emphasises creativity, imagination and the capacity to generate novel ideas and content.

Examples of notable generative AI models include ChatGPT, Bard and Claude. These models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, content generation and problem-solving, ushering in a new era of AI-driven innovation. From chatbots providing instant customer support to creative writing assistance and data analysis, generative AI has rapidly evolved to become a transformative force in our digital landscape.

What Does AI Bring to the Classroom?

One of the biggest opportunities for generative AI is its role in personalising education. Traditional teaching methods, while effective, often grapple with the challenge of addressing the diverse learning needs of a classroom. Generative AI, with its capability to analyse vast datasets, can tailor learning experiences to individual student profiles. This includes identifying learning gaps, customising lesson plans and providing adaptive learning pathways. Such personalisation not only caters to varied learning styles but also fosters an inclusive environment where each student’s educational journey is acknowledged and supported.

Another significant application of generative AI lies in augmenting classroom interactions and engagements. AI-driven tools can create dynamic learning materials, such as interactive simulations and gamified learning modules, which resonate with the digital-native generation. These tools not only make learning more engaging but also aid in communicating complex concepts through interactive experiences. Furthermore, AI can assist in language translation and interpretation, breaking down language barriers in increasingly multicultural classrooms and thereby promoting inclusivity and understanding.

Generative AI can also be instrumental in providing assessment and feedback. Traditional assessment methods often consume considerable time and resources, with the risk of inherent biases. Generative AI can automate certain aspects of assessment to provide quick, objective and individualised feedback. This not only enhances the efficiency of the assessment process but also allows teachers to focus more on qualitative aspects of teaching, such as fostering critical thinking and creativity.

What Are the Challenges?

As we navigate the integration of ChatGPT and other generative AI tools into our classrooms, we are confronted with a host of ethical and practical challenges, akin to any major technological advancement. Foremost among these challenges is the growing digital divide, as the increasing prevalence of these technologies carries the risk of exacerbating existing inequalities. Students who lack access to advanced technology may face a disadvantage, potentially widening disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes.

The presence of inherent biases within generative AI models presents another substantial issue. These biases have the potential to inadvertently shape the curriculum, impeding efforts to diversify and create an inclusive educational environment. Without vigilant monitoring and careful calibration of these tools, there is a risk that they may perpetuate existing stereotypes or overlook crucial cultural and contextual nuances in educational content.

Additionally, the topic of academic integrity concerning AI-generated content within assessments is a subject of ongoing debate and exploration. Recent studies examine how generative AI influences writing and explore innovative evaluation methods that consider the role these tools play in student work.

A critical aspect yet to be fully understood is the perspective of the students themselves. It remains unclear whether students perceive generative AI as legitimate aids for enhancing their skills and preparing for future careers, or if they regard them as potential threats to the integrity and value of their education. This complex landscape demands careful consideration and ongoing dialogue as we navigate the intersection of AI and education.

What Can You Do?

Generative AI presents significant potential for both educators and learners. However, the successful integration of these technologies necessitates a balanced and informed approach that addresses challenges while capitalising on opportunities.

To effectively incorporate generative AI into school settings, educators and school management should consider these five practical steps:

1. Infrastructure and accessibility enhancement. Schools should focus on upgrading digital infrastructure to ensure all students and teachers, regardless of background, have equal access to generative AI technologies. This includes providing necessary hardware, software and consistent internet access.
2. Bias identification and mitigation. Encourage open discussions with students about the limitations of generative AI models and emphasise the importance of critical thinking when creating content.
3. Ethical usage and awareness education. Discuss ethical considerations, highlighting responsible use in educational settings and the broader societal implications of AI.
4. Curriculum integration. Integrate generative AI learning tools into the curriculum in a way that complements and enhances traditional teaching methods. This could involve using AI for personalised lesson planning, interactive learning activities and support for students with special educational needs.
5. Professional development and collaborative learning. Invest in continuous professional development for teachers in using generative AI. Encourage collaborative learning and sharing of effective practices within the school and with other educational institutions to foster a community of learning and innovation.

By implementing these steps, we can leverage generative AI as a tool for inclusive, innovative and ethically grounded education. Though the journey is complex, a strategic and thoughtful approach can lead to transformative outcomes in teaching and learning for all.

Dr Sam Illingworth is an Associate Professor at Edinburgh Napier University, whose research and practice involve the use of creative pedagogies and digital literacies to explore staff and student belonging. Find out more via his website.